Advances in CFRP-Strengthened Steel-Concrete Beams: A Reviewof Experimental and FE Approaches

Abstract

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) has emerged as a highly effective material for strengthening steel-concrete composite beams due to its superior strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and ease of application. Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted on the behavior of CFRP-strengthened steel-concrete beams using both experimental methods and finite element (FE) simulations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of key experimental studies and numerical modeling approaches, highlighting recent advancements in bond behavior, failure mechanisms, and load-bearing performance. The integration of FE simulations has significantly enhanced the predictive accuracy of CFRP strengthening strategies, enabling optimized reinforcement designs. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain in areas such as debonding failure, long-term durability, and the influence of environmental factors. Future research should focus on refining FE models to incorporate material degradation, hybrid strengthening systems, and machine learning-driven predictive analytics.